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Announcements

The Impact of Trade Policy on U.S. Agriculture

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Trade policy changes create short-term uncertainty and have the potential to alter existing trading relationships and trade flows. In isolation, these changes may appear to only result in higher logistical costs and greater inefficiencies. Even so, in the long term, the limited and essential nature of agricultural production ensures demand will be strong.

Current Tariff Situation and Immediate Effects

China, Canada, and Mexico – the top three export markets for U.S. agricultural products – have been the target of tariff threats over the past few months. The situation continues to evolve, but as of April 2nd, 2025, tariffs against Canada and Mexico have largely been postponed, due to the United States – Canada – Mexico Agreement (“USMCA”) compliance exceptions1. Important inputs for agriculture, namely potash and oil, fall under the USMCA exceptions. As for China, its US-levied tariff rate jumped 10% in February, 20% in March, and 34% in April, bringing its cumulative tariff rate to 76%2.  China responded with retaliatory tariffs, levying a 34% tariff in April, increasing its average tariff rate on U.S. goods to approximately 50%3. As shown in Figure 1, U.S. soybean producers are likely to be the most affected by retaliatory tariffs levied by China. In general, the tariffs proposed by the current administration create uncertainty, and the extent to which other countries implement reciprocal tariffs will be a key variable for profitability for many U.S. farmers in 2025.

Varying Impacts Across Agricultural Sectors

When governing and negotiating on behalf of a country with such a large and diverse group of stakeholders, policy changes will be perceived as detrimental by some and as favorable by others. Agriculture as a whole is likely to benefit from certain policies and be negatively affected by others, resulting in varying outcomes among its stakeholders. For example, Figure 2 illustrates the relative importance of imports and exports for specific crops in relation to supply. Crops produced in the U.S. that are heavily exported (e.g., almonds, pistachios, and soybeans) are likely to be negatively affected by tariffs, while crops that compete with imports from other countries (e.g., tomatoes, blueberries, and grapes) are likely to benefit.

Long-Term Stability and Investment in Farmland

Farmland and USAgriculture’s investment approach are powerful tools for mitigating uncertainty. Farmland is a finite, tangible resource that produces daily essentials, needed in both good and bad economic times. One certainty is that as human populations grow and develop, the demand for agricultural production will increase. Increased demand for limited resources generally leads to increased asset values. These realities are a cornerstone of the investment thesis for farmland, and they help explain why farmland produces relatively stable investment returns and strong diversification benefits.

Tailwinds for the US Agricultural Sector: Global population growth, rising incomes supporting higher protein diets, expansion of end user markets (biodiesel, ethanol, renewable diesel), and opportunity for farmland to receive carbon credits.

  1. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-declares-national-emergency-to-increase-our-competitive-edge-protect-our-sovereignty-and-strengthen-our-national-and-economic-security/ ↩︎
  2. https://www.piie.com/research/piie-charts/2019/us-china-trade-war-tariffs-date-chart ↩︎
  3. Ibid. ↩︎

2024 Midwest Crop Report: Corn & Soybean Yields

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The 2024 crop year in the Corn Belt can be described as uneven. Early corn and soybean prices provided some positive marketing opportunities, but both commodities saw prices drop 16% and 30%, respectively, throughout the crop year. 

Crop yields performed better than anticipated. The growing season began with excess moisture challenging planting, followed by dry weather in late summer. This caused many growers and agriculture investment companies to anticipate lower yields, specifically for soybeans. However, crop yields were resilient. 

Corn & Soybean National Average Yield per Acre in 2024

During harvest, growers consistently reported near or above record corn yields, while describing soybean yields as average or slightly above average. Yield data from the 2024 USDA Crop Report supported this narrative. The final national corn yield was a record 179.3 bushels per acre, and soybean yields finished at 50.7 bushels per acre, just over the USDA 10-year average yield of 50.08 bushels per acre. 

Regional Spotlight: Indiana and Illinois Yield Data

US Agriculture, LLC’s (“USAg”) managed Corn Belt properties reside in Indiana and Illinois. According to the USDA, Indiana’s 2024 corn and soybean yields were 198 and 59 bushels per acre, respectively, while Illinois were 217 and 64 bushels per acre, respectively. 

For Indiana, the USDA corn yield was the second-highest on record, while the soybean yield was approximately 3 bushels per acre above the 10-year average. 

In Illinois, the 2024 corn yield was a record, according to USDA data, while the soybean yield was approximately 3.5 bushels per acre above the 10-year average. 

USAg’s Managed Properties Surpass Regional Averages

USAg’s tenants generally reported strong yields on USAg-managed properties. 

In Indiana, USAg-managed properties averaged 220.7 bushels per acre of corn, and 62.8 bushels per acre of soybeans

Similarly, USAg-managed properties in Illinois averaged 219.4 bushels per acre of corn, and 68.7 bushels per acre of soybeans

USAg takes considerable interest in improving farms after acquisition to help bolster productivity as part of our agricultural investment management strategy. This includes finding the best farmer for each property and making financial investments to improve farms. 

Through these efforts, USAg seeks to increase the productivity of the tillable ground. As a farmland investment firm, USAg takes pride in its properties producing above-average yields during the 2024 crop year.

Outlook for 2025

As we turn the calendar to 2025, land values have been resilient. Like other agriculture investment companies, USAg receives multiple appraisals on each property annually. 

These third-party reports have suggested Indiana and Illinois properties have declined by an average of approximately 2% during 2024 despite far more dramatic price declines in corn and soybean prices experienced during the year. 

As a farmland investment firm, USAg expects highly productive farms to hold their value relative to less productive farms. Farmland investment companies, in general, will need to keep a keen eye on these values throughout the year, as the Corn Belt remains a crucial part of American agriculture. 

2024 Leading Harvest audit report.

Leading Harvest Audit Report

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We are proud to announce that USAgriculture has maintained full conformance with Leading Harvest’s Farmland Management Standard (LH FMS). This year marks our third year of certification — highlighting our commitment to sustainable farmland management practices.

Leading Harvest’s Standard is a third-party certification that ensures responsible stewardship of agricultural properties for future generations. The LH FMS is a rigorous process that requires the full dedication of our staff, tenants, and operators.

Averum, an independent certification body, completed a thorough surveillance audit over the summer, which spanned across properties we manage in the Pacific and Pacific Northwest regions. Their full summary can be found here: USAgriculture’s Leading Harvest Farmland Management Audit.

The audit reaffirmed USAgriculture’s effective sustainability practices, including notable energy conservation and biodiversity advancements. Additionally, we received zero major or minor non-conformances, reflecting our adherence to the highest standards in farmland management.

To learn more about Leading Harvest, please visit www.leadingharvest.org.

2023 Leading Harvest audit report.

2023 Leading Harvest Audit Report

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We are pleased to announce that we remain in conformance with Leading Harvest’s Farmland Management Standard. The nonprofit organization’s Standard is a third-party audited certification that serves to provide assurance for the sustainability of farmland management. It shows our dedication to leaving each of our properties better than we found them for the benefit of future generations.

This is our second year of certification to the Standard, which requires serious dedication from our staff, tenants, and operators. Averum completed an independent audit this summer to ensure conformance, and their summary report can be found here.

To learn more about Leading Harvest, please visit www.leadingharvest.org.

Sustainable Aviation Fuel – What Airlines’ Carbon-Neutrality Pledge Could Mean for Farmland

Sustainable Aviation Fuel – What Airlines’ Carbon Neutrality Pledge Could Mean for Farmland?

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Given major US airlines’ recent pledge to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 20501, we believe sustainable aviation fuel is a potential tailwind for US farmland investors. The fuel allows airlines to reduce emissions by offering a cleaner-burning fuel option than conventional jet fuel. Importantly, there are minimal switching costs for airlines to adopt this cleaner fuel option – airplane engines require no retrofitting and can run on a blend of the fuel today.

Download or keep reading below to learn more:

Leading Harvest Certification

Leading Harvest Certification

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Leading Harvest Certification

We are pleased to announce that we received our official certification to Leading Harvest’s Farmland Management Standard. The nonprofit organization’s Standard is a third-party audited certification that serves to provide assurance for the sustainability of farmland management. It shows our dedication to leaving each of our properties better than we found them for the benefit of future generations.

Farmland investing is more than a job to us – it’s our passion. We are proud of this achievement that was started at the beginning of 2021. It required serious dedication from our staff, tenants, and operators. We look forward to a continued partnership with Leading Harvest for the benefit of all our stakeholders. Averum completed an independent audit to ensure conformance to the Standard, and their summary report can be found here.

We recently participated in a NCREIF webinar about farmland sustainability and stewardship with Kenny Fahey of Leading Harvest. A replay of the discussion hosted by NCREIF can be found here.

We are grateful for your support.

Year-End Message

Year-End Message

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2021 was an eventful year for US Agriculture. We are especially thankful for our team of talented individuals, the clients we serve, and the exceptional tenants and farm management teams we have in place. This year, we furthered our efforts in sustainability, purchased quality assets from across the US, and added three new members to our team.

While the list below is not exhaustive, we want to share some highlights from the year. In 2021, we:

  • Enrolled all our acres in the Leading Harvest Standard, a third-party audited certification that provides assurance for the sustainability of farmland management. Our announcement and more information can be found here.
  • Added a new client investing in farmland that is being managed to build upon the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, and we released our vision for sustainability here.
  • Hired three new team members, bringing our staff total to twelve. Visit our team page to learn more about Colton Schlemme, Dirk Schuil, and Drew Bridges
  • Evaluated over $1 billion in potential farmland acquisitions and now manage farmland in 14 states across the US.
  • Discussed farmland as an inflation hedge with investors and released a paper on farmland’s inflation sensitivity, which can be found here.
  • Volunteered at the Midwest Food Bank of Indianapolis to help the community and raise awareness about food insecurity. We made a donation in honor of US Agriculture’s success and to further the Midwest Food Bank’s impactful efforts.

While 2021 was not without its challenges, we are encouraged by the efforts of our team to secure quality farmland and tenants on behalf of our valued clients.

May your table be full this holiday season, and may you find time to reflect and recharge heading into 2022.

US Agriculture, LLC Advances Sustainability Efforts with Global Partner

Announcement: US Agriculture, LLC Advances Sustainability Efforts with Global Partner

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Kempen Capital Management (“Kempen”), a leading asset manager headquartered in the Netherlands, announced the launch of a global sustainable farmland strategy earlier this year. The strategy primarily invests in land that produces annual and permanent crops and will be diversified across OECD countries. In addition to seeking attractive returns, the global farmland strategy was developed to deliver improvement across five of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals: zero hunger, clean water and sanitation, responsible consumption and production, climate action, and life on land. US Agriculture, an investment firm focused on acquiring and managing quality farmland assets, has partnered with Kempen to help execute the strategy in the United States.

Given US Agriculture’s deep experience in farmland, the firm has a network of farmers with strong convictions about sustainable farming practices and a desire to grow their operations. US Agriculture creates a sustainability plan for each portfolio property that includes meaningful impact goals measured and reported annually. At the beginning of 2021, US Agriculture also enrolled all its acres in the Leading Harvest Standard, a third-party audited certification providing assurance that sustainable farming practices across many environmental, social, and governance issues are being applied.

The partnership with Kempen allows US Agriculture to accelerate its commitment to promoting more sustainable outcomes and ensuring resources are preserved for future generations.

“The Kempen team shares our passion for agriculture and understands the multitude of challenges US farmers face producing and supplying the worlds food, fiber, and fuel. We are one part of Kempen’s global management team and thrilled to collaborate with other sustainable-minded farmland managers. Kempen’s long-term and global perspective, coupled with a commitment to invest in technologies and enhancements that will improve soil, water, air, and humanity in general, aligns well with US Agriculture’s purpose to improve our world through excellence and continuous improvement,” said David Martin, Managing Director of US Agriculture.

“Despite the distance and global pandemic, Kempen’s team has been very involved in understanding our plans to make individual properties better. We’re committed to working with farmers who know profitability and sustainable farming practices are not mutually exclusive. And that’s critical to improving the soil, water, and air on and around the properties we manage,” said Clint Leman, CFA, US Agriculture’s Director of Portfolio Management.

For more information, please visit www.us-agriculture.com or contact Evan Newton, CFA, at evan.newton@us-agriculture.com.

Announcement Leading Harvest

Announcement: Leading Harvest

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US Agriculture, an investment adviser focused on building stable and sustainable farmland portfolios, is pleased to announce the enrollment of all its farmland acres in the Leading Harvest Farmland Management Standard. US Agriculture manages over 59,000 acres of permanent and row crop farmland across the United States. Leading Harvest is a newly formed nonprofit organization whose Standard is a third-party audited certification that serves to provide assurance for the sustainability of farmland management. It identifies sustainable farming practices across a number of environmental, social, and governance issues.

US Agriculture focuses on sustainability from two distinct lenses – that of a financial steward seeking stable and growing returns for its clients and that of an environmental steward seeking to preserve and improve the farmland it manages.

“Partnering with Leading Harvest is an important step and a natural evolution of our firm given the continued focus we place on sustainability,” David Martin, Managing Director of US Agriculture, said. “Our commitment to Leading Harvest further proves our unwavering support for responsible and sustainable farming practices ensuring our most important resources are preserved for future generations.”

The Leading Harvest Standard challenges participants to monitor and make continuous improvement in their farm management system based on 13 sustainable farming Principles, 13 Objectives, 33 Performance Measures and 71 Indicators. It includes measures to efficiently use water, agricultural chemicals and energy to grow crops for useful agricultural products; minimize waste; and conserve soils, water resources and biodiversity. It also takes into consideration the well-being of farmland tenants, employees, contract management company employees, contract farm labor and local communities.  Presently, over two million farmland acres are enrolled in the Leading Harvest Standard.

The Standard provides third party verification for operations and will guide continuous improvement through annual audits. KCoe Isom, a leading food & ag consulting firm, has been engaged to educate and guide US Agriculture’s efforts through the process.

For more information on Leading Harvest, please visit www.leadingharvest.org. For more information on US Agriculture, please visit www.us-agriculture.com.